Theory of Knowledge Full Essay- Language and Vocabulary free essay sample

Thus, many believe that the vocabulary we have does more than communicate our knowledge and rather, it shapes what we can know. However, to what extent can this statement be said to be true? Is vocabulary really the only way to communicate our knowledge? What else can vocabulary do besides communicate knowledge? Do you need to be able to communicate your knowledge to show your knowledge? Is our knowledge only gained through language and vocabulary? Lastly, if vocabulary â€Å"shapes† what we can know, can we say that knowing more languages will gain us access to more knowledge? First of all, vocabulary refers to the body of words that are used in a particular language, such as the very words I am using to write this essay. Without vocabulary, there are no words and as a result, language is also non-existent. Imagine a life without words; we cannot describe or speak out the ideas in our mind, we cannot ask questions, or communicate with one another. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of Knowledge Full Essay- Language and Vocabulary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In fact, even when we think in our mind, it involves the use of words. Does that mean that without words we would not have thoughts? Without vocabulary and language, we would not know most of the current knowledge that we do today. Think about the knowledge that we currently possess; many of us would agree that most of the knowledge that we currently have and understand is learnt through school, books and education but how could we have possibly grasped all the physics theories, math formulas and others that we’ve learnt without the use of vocabulary or words? How would the teachers teach in a world where language is non-existent? Books would just be a fictitious myth if language does not exist. How could we expand our knowledge capabilities through reading if books do not exist? Thus, in a way vocabulary shapes what we can know because without vocabulary, we cannot communicate with one another and thus, knowledge cannot be passed down or shared. As a result, the knowledge we know will be limited to only what we experience or discover by ourselves. However, we would not have the ability to have knowledge about other people’s experiences or way of life and culture. For example, the Aloe Vera plant originated from Northern India and is now regarded highly for its healing and rejuvenating properties. Its antiquity was first discovered in 1862 in an Egyptian papyrus dated 1550 BC. Thus, the healing power of Aloe Vera was first discovered by ancient Egyptians, who decided to note this down on a piece of papyrus. If language had not existed and the ancient Egyptians during that time had decided not to write down the healing properties of Aloe Vera, that sliver of knowledge would not be passed down and shared among us and we would not know what we know today. We would not be able to benefit from the natural therapeutic quality of Aloe Vera. Therefore, in this example, language and vocabulary has shown to be a powerful tool for communicating knowledge. In a way, vocabulary does shape what we can know but to what extent is this true? Can vocabulary be said to be the crux of knowledge? Is vocabulary really the only method to communicate and share knowledge? Although vocabulary can be said to make up a large part of our understanding and our knowledge, it is not the only way that we can learn and gain knowledge. Another way would be through our own life experiences. For example, when we touch a hot cup of coffee and scald our skin, we learn from our own experience to be careful of touching hot surfaces as it can harm us. In this manner, we have learnt or acquired new knowledge without the use of vocabulary or communication but rather through our own experience. Our nervous system has sent a signal to our brain. Vocabulary is also not the only way for us to communicate our knowledge. Another method would be through the use of body language, facial expressions or hand signals. For example, traffic officers mainly rely on hand signals to direct the traffic at a particular junction or intersection. Through the use of body language, the traffic officer is able to communicate their knowledge to the drivers bout whether they should stop or go. In this example, knowledge is being passed on without the use of language. Similarly, by looking at a person’s facial expression or body language, we can know how they are feeling (e. g. sad, happy, angry). Furthermore, thinking does not have to always involve words. We can think in other ways such as through images. It is important to understand that to be abl e to communicate our knowledge through the use of vocabulary and language, we first have to be able to put that certain piece of knowledge into words. At age 6, my mom used to test me on my vocabulary and would ask me the definition of words. Oftentimes, I would reply her saying â€Å"I know what the word means but I just can’t explain it! † My mom would then answer, â€Å"If you can’t explain it then that means you don’t really understand it! † I would protest and tell her that I do understand but that it was just difficult to put into words. Thus, this led me to ask myself a question; do we need to be able to explain something with words to understand the concept of it? 6 year old me would beg to differ. However, I believe that even if we can’t explain things in words, it doesn’t mean that we don’t understand it. Has your friend ever tried telling you a personal problem but he says that he can’t really put how he feels into words and you replied saying â€Å"I know exactly what you mean and how you feel†? Most of the time, this happens when we have gone through the same experience and thus, we can relate to them and recall how they feel. Art is another way to communicate knowledge without the use of vocabulary. For example, using graphics or art. As Napolean Bonaparte once said, â€Å"a picture tells a thousand words†. Similarly, an artwork can communicate knowledge to us. For example, the artist Chris Jordan, turns statistics into art. One of his pieces features a picture of 2 million plastic cups stacked up above each other, which is the number of cups we use every 5 minutes. It is much more impactful to visually see the numbers than to hear the numbers. A simple picture with no words was able to relay knowledge to us and raise our awareness. Thus, even though language does restrict the knowledge that we can know, there are still other ways to interpret knowledge. Another area of knowledge we can look at is mathematics. In mathematics, language is not used to communicate knowledge, but rather, the use of numbers. Numbers are a universal language that the world can understand. 2+2 will always equal to 4, regardless of your nationality or what language you speak. Therefore, we can say that in math, language and vocabulary is not very significant. According to the statement in the question, vocabulary is said to do more than just â€Å"communicate knowledge, it shapes what we can know†. If this is true, does that mean that knowing more languages will gain us more access to knowledge? As Federccopellini once said, â€Å"a different language is a different vision of life†. Federccopellini believed that language is a way of life and the more languages you know and understand, then, the more access to knowledge that you possess. To a certain extent, this statement can be said to be true. For example, there is a word in Bahasa Indonesia known as lidah buaya. The direct translation of lidah is tongue while buaya means crocodile in English. Together it means crocodile tongue. However, people who speak Bahasa Indonesia know that lidah buaya doesn’t literally mean crocodile tongue. In fact, it is actually the name given to the Aloe Vera plant in Bahasa Indonesia! Hence, to a certain extent, it can be said to be true that knowing more languages will allow us to possess more knowledge, as we would be exposed to different cultures, which would help us to understand their way of life. However, it is also important to note that the meaning of words otherwise known as semantics, have a propensity to change and evolve over time. For example, in the past, the definition of the word â€Å"gay† meant â€Å"carefree† and â€Å"cheerful†. However, in modern times, the word â€Å"gay† is used to describe someone that is homosexual. In this example, we can see how words can change its meaning over time. Thus, if the meanings of words vary over time, how true can it be said that language is a reliable method to communicate knowledge? Furthermore, oftentimes, words are made up to explain or describe a complex set of behaviours that in truth, nobody has really observed or seen. This is known as occult quantity. For example, in the sciences such as physics, the term â€Å"electronic field† is used to define a region around a charged particle or object within which a force would be exerted on other charged particles or objects. However, we can never really prove whether electronic fields exist because we cannot actually see the field with our own eyes. The existence of electronic fields is only â€Å"proven† when physicians make assumptions based on the observations and results of an experiment. However, how do we know that the experiment results aren’t just an effect of some other unknown cause that we have yet to discover? Occult quantity leads to doubts about the knowledge surrounding a term or a word. Thus, this shows how words can be misleading or tell us false information that we will believe due to the â€Å"research† thought to have been carried out. Can these made-up terms or words be included in our vocabulary when they are not proven? How can these made-up terms or words communicate true knowledge? In conclusion, I believe that vocabulary is a crucial part of acquiring and communicating knowledge and to a certain extent it does â€Å"shape† what we can know. However, vocabulary is not the only way to acquire or communicate knowledge as shown from the examples above. (1794 words) [ 1 ]. http://www. ted. com/talks/chris_jordan_pictures_some_shocking_stats. html [ 2 ]. http://www. ted. com/speakers/chris_jordan. html [ 3 ]. (http://east. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/electric%20field)

Talking About Times of the Day in Spanish

Talking About Times of the Day in Spanish Although you sometimes need to be precise when talking about times  in Spanish,  often an approximation will do. Thus, at the most basic, we can talk about la maà ±ana (morning), la tarde (afternoon or evening), and la noche (night). Here, roughly in ascending order, are some other common words or phrases for times of the day, including the prepositions that are often used with them. Times up to and Through Noon por la maà ±ana temprano - in early morning.  Correr por la maà ±ana temprano puede ser una excelente opcià ³n.  (Running in the early morning can be an excellent choice.) Note that here temprano functions as an adverb. It isnt an adjective, in which case the feminine form temprana would have to be used.al amanecer - at dawn.  ¿Por quà © cantan los gallos al amanecer?  (Why do roosters crow at dawn?)de madrugada - at dawn. Un terremoto de 5,6 grados de magnitud sacude de madrugada.  (An earthquake of magnitude 5.6 shook at dawn.)en las primeras horas del dà ­a - in the early daylight hours. En las primeras horas del dà ­a los rayos del Sol se reciben muy oblicuos. (In the first hours of daylight the suns rays are at an oblique angle.)a la hora de desayunar - at breakfast time. El error ms comà ºn que cometen las personas a la hora de desayunar es comer los alimentos tà ­picos para el desayuno, de los cuales estn altamente procesados y cargados de azà ºcar. (Th e most common mistake people make at breakfast time is to eat typical breakfast food, which is highly processed and loaded with sugar.) por la maà ±ana - in the morning. Somos un poco ms altos por la maà ±ana que por la noche.  (Were a little bit taller in the morning than late in the day.)a media maà ±ana - in midmorning. A media maà ±ana estar restituido el servicio elà ©ctrico en zona norte.  (Electrical service will be restored in the north zone in midmorning.)a mediodà ­a, al mediodà ­a - at noon, in the middle of the day. El euro sube hasta 1,25 dà ³lares a mediodà ­a. (The euro climbed to $1.25 at noon.)a la hora de almorzar - at lunchtime. El restaurante nuevo es una muy buena alternativa a la hora de almorzar en el centro de Santiago. (The new restaurant is a good alternative for lunchtime in downtown Santiago.)a la hora de comer  - at mealtime, at lunchtime. Las batallas con los ms pequeà ±os a la hora de comer pueden ser un estrà ©s para toda la familia.  (Battles with the littlest ones at mealtime can be stressful for the entire family.) Times for the Remainder of the Day a la hora de merienda, en la merienda - at tea time, in midafternoon A la hora de merienda prueba estas deliciosas barras de chocolate.  (Try these delicious chocolate bars in the afternoon.)de dà ­a - in the daytime. Durante los seis meses de dà ­a en el polo, el Sol se mueve continuamente cerca del horizonte.  (During the six months of daytime at the pole, the sun moves continually near the horizon.)durante el dà ­a - in the daytime.  ¿Quà © frutas debo comer durante el dà ­a para tener energà ­a?  (What fruits should I eat during the day in order to have energy?)por la tarde, a la tarde  - in the afternoon or evening. Una siesta por la tarde podrà ­a mejorar su inteligencia.  (A rest in the afternoon could improve your intelligence.)al anochecer - at dusk. Cinco planetas sern visibles al anochecer.  (Five planets will be visible at dusk.)al atardecer - at dusk.  Navegar por el Tajo al atardecer es una de las experiencias ms romnticas que se pueden disf rutar en Lisboa. (Boating the Tajo at dusk is one of the most romantic experiences you can enjoy in Lisbon.) a la hora de cenar - at dinnertime. No busques la tranquilidad a la hora de cenar.  (Dont look for quiet at dinnertime.)por la noche, por las noches - at night, in late evening. Despertarse por la noche no es considerado un problema para todas las familias del mundo. (Waking up at night isnt considered a problem for every family.)de noche - at night, in the late evening.  Soy de las que va a eventos sociales, sobre todo de noche.  (I am one of those who goes to social events, especially at night.)a la medianoche - at midnight. Al llegar a Nueva York a la medianoche, voy a viajar a Washington.  (After arriving at New York at midnight, Im going to travel to Washington.)

Definition and Examples of Perorations in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Perorations in Rhetoric Definition In rhetoric, the peroration is the closing part of an argument, often with a summary and an appeal to pathos. Also called the peroratio or conclusion. In addition to recapitulating the key points of an argument, the peroration may amplify one or more of these points.  In many instances, its intended to inspire further emotion, motivation, or enthusiasm in listeners, See Examples and Observations below. Also see: The Parts of a SpeechArrangementClasssical RhetoricConclusionEnumeratioEpilogueIndignatioOration and OratorySpeech (Rhetoric)Ten Things You Should Know About Dr. Kings I Have a Dream Speech EtymologyFrom the Latin perorare, meaning to speak extensively or to speak at length Pronunciation: per-or-RAY-shun Examples and Observations The peroration is where the orator can really have fun. This is the opportunity to end on a twenty-one-gun salute, to move the audience to tears of pity or howls of rage, to wheel out your grandest figures and highest-sounding words. It can be like watching Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band close a show with Born to Run and belt the final chorus out four times in a row.(Sam Leith, Words Like Loaded Pistols: Rhetoric From Aristotle to Obama. Basic Books, 2012)Aristotle on the Peroration- The peroration is composed of four things: of getting the hearer favorable to oneself, and ill-disposed towards the adversary; and of amplification and extenuation; and of placing the hearer under the influence of the passions; and of awakening his recollection.(Aristotle, On Rhetoric)- The peroration must consist of one of these four things. Inclining the judge to favor yourself, or to disfavor your adversary. For then, when all has been said respecting the cause, is the best season to praise o r dispraise the parties.Of amplification or diminution. For when it appears what is good or evil, then is the time to show how great or how little that good or evil is.Or in moving the judge to anger, love, or other passion. For when it is manifest of what kind, and how great the good or evil is, then it will be opportune to excite the judge.Or of repetition, that the judge may remember what has been said. Repetition consisteth in the matter and the manner. For the orator must show that he has performed what he promised in the beginning of his oration, and how: namely, by comparing his arguments one by one with his adversaries, repeating them in the same order they were spoken.(Thomas Hobbes, Aristotle; Treatise on Rhetoric, Literally Translated From the Greek, With the Analysis by T. Hobbes, 1681) Quintilian on the PerorationWhat was to follow, was the peroration, which some have termed the completion, and others the conclusion. There are two species of it, the one comprising the substance of the speech, and the other adapted to excite the feelings.The repetition and summing-up of heads, which is called by . . . some of the Latins enumeration, is intended both to refresh the memory of the judge, to set the whole cause at once before his view, and to enforce such arguments in a body as had produced an insufficient effect in detail. In this part of our speech, what we repeat ought to be repeated as briefly as possible, and we must, as is intimated by the Greek term, run over only the principal heads; for, if we dwell upon them, the result will be, not a recapitulation, but a sort of second speech. What we may think necessary to recapitulate, must be put forward with some emphasis, enlivened by suitable remarks, and varied with different figures, for nothing is more offensive tha n mere straightforward repetition, as if the speaker distrusted the judges memory.(Quintilian, Institutes of Oratory, 95 AD) Ethan Allens Peroration in a Speech During the Civil WarGo call the roll on Saratoga, Bunker Hill, and Yorktown, that the sheeted dead may rise as witnesses, and tell your legions of the effort to dissolve their Union, and there receive their answer. Mad with frenzy, burning with indignation at the thought, all ablaze for vengeance upon the traitors, such shall be the fury and impetuosity of the onset that all opposition shall be swept away before them, as the pigmy yields to the avalanche that comes tumbling, rumbling, thundering from its Alpine home! Let us gather at the tomb of Washington and invoke his immortal spirit to direct us in the combat. Rising again incarnate from the tomb, in one hand he holds that same old flag, blackened and begrimed with the smoke of a seven years war, and with the other hand he points us to the foe. Up and at them! Let immortal energy strengthen our arms, and infernal fury thrill us to the soul. One blowdeep, effectual, and foreverone crushing blow upon the rebellion, in the name of God, Washington, and the Republic!(Ethan Allen, peroration of a speech delivered in New York City in 1861) Colin Powells Peroration in His Address to the U.N. Security CouncilMy colleagues, we have an obligation to our citizens, we have an obligation to this body to see that our resolutions are complied with. We wrote 1441 not in order to go to war, we wrote 1441 to try to preserve the peace. We wrote 1441 to give Iraq one last chance. Iraq is not so far taking that one last chance.We must not shrink from whatever is ahead of us. We must not fail in our duty and our responsibility to the citizens of the countries that are represented by this body.(Secretary of State Colin Powell, address to U.N. Security Council, February 5, 2003)The Lighter Side of Perorations: The Chewbacca DefenseLadies and gentlemen, this is Chewbacca. Chewbacca is a Wookiee from the planet Kashyyyk. But Chewbacca lives on the planet Endor. Now think about it: that does not make sense!Why would a Wookiee, an eight-foot tall Wookiee, want to live on Endor, with a bunch of two-foot tall Ewoks? That does not make sense! But more important, you have to ask yourself: What does this have to do with this case? Nothing. Ladies and gentlemen, it has nothing to do with this case! It does not make sense! Look at me. Im a lawyer defending a major record company, and Im talkin about Chewbacca! Does that make sense? Ladies and gentlemen, I am not making any sense! None of this makes sense! And so you have to remember, when youre in that jury room deliberating and conjugating the Emancipation Proclamation [approaches and softens], does it make sense? No! Ladies and gentlemen of this supposed jury, it does not make sense! If Chewbacca lives on Endor, you must acquit! The defense rests.(Animated version of Johnnie Cochran delivering the Chewbacca Defense in his closing argument in the South Park episode Chef Aid)

Discuss the rapid progress of Urbanisation in 19th Century Britain and Essay

Discuss the rapid progress of Urbanisation in 19th Century Britain and the associated massive population growth and social problems which developed - Essay Example These steps include passage of various reforms such as the Poor Laws and laws related housing and sanitary and policing. In this writing we will focus upon the various changes that took place due to the urbanization within Britain during the era of 19th century, we will even pay emphasis to the issues that Britain experienced due to urbanization and how government tried to relax these issues through changes is legislature. The 19th century industrial revolt has altered Britain completely. Previously in 1801, only 20% of the inhabitants resided in cities but by 1851 about 50% and by 1881 about 2/3 of inhabitants have departed themselves to cities (Thackeray 107). In 1801 most of the people work as farmers and used handmade products but by late 19th century industrial units were widespread and most of the products were manufactured by electrical machines (Thackeray 107). During the initial period of the 19th century, Britain experienced ample amount of prejudiced and mutual chaos. Certain individuals of Clapham Sect had much interference in the political affairs (Stobaugh 2012). They were against slavery and cruel sports. Stobaugh states â€Å"on May 11, 1812, John Bellingham murdered the Tory leader Spencer Perceval† (Stobaugh 2012). Uptil then he was the single British Leader yet to be offended. In the year 1820 a plan was made to gun down entire cabinet. Gatrell states â€Å"the leader of Cato Street Plot was Arthur Thistlewood† (Gatrell 299). In this plan the leader’s associates were caught on 23 February 1820 (Gatrell 299). Later the leader was murdered with his 4 attendants later. In the meantime in the year 1811-1816 cloth factory employees in the Midlands and North of England destroyed all newly invented machines in fear of joblessness (Kingfisher 327). In March 1817, various cloth factory employees from Manchester walked to London. They were named as blanketeers as all of them

Kings College Hospital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Kings College Hospital - Essay Example In this paper, for environmental analysis SWOT analysis is being conducted for The King’s College Hospital NHS Trust. The opportunities and threats are determined by conducting an external environmental analysis and the strengths and weaknesses are known with the help of internal analysis of an organization. The facts are organized in such a manner so as to provide a clear picture of the King’s College Hospital and its environment. The first section of the paper deals with the environmental analysis for the King’s College Hospital and its environment. There are various factors of the internal and external environment of any organization, which affect organization’s functioning. This section deals with those factors. The SWOT analysis briefly discusses the crucial areas of concerns. The following section is an effort to develop a fit between external and internal environment. Findings of the analysis are summarised in the next section, which is followed by recommendation and conclusion. The external analysis of an organization is marked by intense competition between rival firms. It is important for the organization to conduct an external analysis and identify the opportunities and threats prevailing in the external environment. Based on the same, the organization can design suitable strategies to exploit the opportunities and counter the threats. This ensures smooth implementation of the corporate strategy. The external analysis of a firm enables the firm to obtain a clear picture of the threats and opportunities prevalent in the firm’s external environment.

Corporate social responsibility motivations and country factors Essay Example for Free

Corporate social responsibility motivations and country factors Essay Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an increasingly important issue for all businesses around the world. CSR covers economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities of firms. Explain the factors that may motivate an MNE to adopt CSR in its international business strategy and operations. How might the country context influence the types of CSR initiatives undertaken? Support your answer with real world examples or cases. While corporate social responsibility (CSR) has existed for a long time, it has garnered attention only in the last two decades as an important aspect of doing business. Academic research on CSR has evolved over the years, indicating a change in how CSR is viewed as time goes by. In the earlier years of CSR research, academics sought to identify a link between CSR and financial performance (Aupperle et al. 1985; McGuire et al. 1998), as though CSR had to be rationalised in order to exist. But moving forward to the present, CSR has been undoubtedly recognised as a need by many organisations, and research has shifted from discussing â€Å"macro social effects to an organisational-level analysis of CSR and its impact on organisational processes and performance† (Lindgreen and Swaen 2010, p. 1). In other words, CSR research has moved from questioning the â€Å"why† to â€Å"how† of doing CSR, reflecting the growing prominence of the practice. CSR involves the â€Å"economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary expectations that society has of organizations at a given point in time† (Carroll 1979, p. 500). These programs are des igned to fulfill a basic economic or social need as expected by the community, honoured by the company in goodwill so as to position oneself as a positively value-driven entity (Swanson 1995; Wood 1991). CSR initiatives can be derived out of self-interest, or external pressure from institutional economics (Meyer and Rowan 1991; North 1992) or when a company decides to rise above its economic function to help and aid stakeholders (Trevino and Nelson, 2004). While there are many reasons for a company to engage in CSR, it ultimately assists the corporation in enhancing its legitimacy (Wood 1991) and fit with society at large (Zensisek 1979), creating a symbiotic relationship between stakeholders and companies (Tuzzolinio and Armandi 1981). Unfortunately, CSR has no consensus definition (Dahlsrud, 2008). It is important to recognise from this that CSR  is a complex and multilayered concept that requires examination from various angles. In this essay, CSR will be understood as a firm’s obligations to act responsibly to all possible stakeholders in the market environment. This essay will now seek to explore the motivations behind pursuing CSR programs by a business organisation, d etermining how various stakeholders and the general public can influence this decision and how the broader country context can affect how a company participates in CSR. In the corporate world, companies are fully engaged in CSR initiatives, with more than 80% of Fortune 500 companies addressing CSR issues (Esrock and Leichty, 1998), reflecting that CSR is more than an ethical or ideological necessity, but also an economic one. As such, more companies today have realised that â€Å"not only doing good is the right thing to do, but it also leads to doing better† (Bhattacharya and Sen 2004, p.9). While it was infamously argued previously that the main purpose of a company was to make profits and thrive economically (Friedman 1970), enterprises now have the option to do so and at the same time, contribute meaningfully to society at large. The reasons for a MNE to engage in CSR initiatives are multiple. Stakeholder theory (Donaldson and Preston 1995) can be used as a skeletal framework to understand where demands for CSR arise. Demand derives from two main groups: consumers and stakeholders. Stakeholders of a company include its investors, employees, suppliers and even the local environment that it is located in. The consumer demand for CSR will be addressed first. CSR engagements may result in producing a good that has socially responsible attributes, such as dolphin-free tuna or a non-animal tested product. It could be in less obvious means, such as a clothing company not ultilising sweat shops or child labour in producing its goods. When consumers buy products that bear such attributes, they believe they are â€Å"indirectly supporting a cause and rewarding firms that devote resources to CSR† (McWilliams and Siegel 2001, p. 119). Consumers are able to identify better with a company that engages in CSR activities and feel a stronger connection or attachment to such firms. Consumer oriented CSR also involve intangible attributes, such as reputation. Having a strong reputation has been linked to attracting more customers, retaining and motivating employees, gaining favour with analysts and the media amongst many more reasons (Bhattacharya and Sen 2004). CSR has come to matter in building a reputation for corporations. The Reputation  Institute ranks the world’s most reputable companies based on the RepTrak ® system. RepTrak ® analyses seven dimensions of corporate reputation: Citizenship, Innovation, Governance, Workplace, Leadership, Products/Services and Financial Performance (Reputation Institute 2013). Of which, three of these dimensions (citizenship, governance and workplace) fall into the CSR category, and analysis has shown that â€Å"42% of how people feel about a firm is based on their perceptions of the a firm’s CSR practices† (Smith 2012, para. 6). The Body Shop, Patagonia and Ben Jerry’s are some examples that stand out in their respective industries having built reputations centring on socially responsible practices. Hence, it is easy to see why consumers drive the demand for companies to engage in CSR activities. Stakeholders too, demand for CSR for various reasons. McWilliams and Siegel (2001, p.122) have posited that employees will support â€Å" progressive labour relations policies, safety, financial security, and workplace amenities, such as childcare. Workers are searching for signals that managers are responding to causes they support†. Nintendo has numerous employee well-being programs in place where all employees can receive support in various aspects of their lives. Free training in life-saving skills and first aid, and subsidies for work safety shoes, transportation costs and even gym memberships are provided to help employees achieve work-life balance and a better well being (Nintendo, 2013). It has been observed that CSR initiatives in a firm typically lead to greater employee work satisfaction where job attitudes are improved and productivity is increased, and is used as a way of attracting talents to a company (Bhattacharya, Sen and Korschun 2012). Valentine and Fleischman (2008) have observed that CSR also plays a part in mediating the relationships between ethics programs and job satisfaction. Taken holistically, effective organisational ethics and CSR activities will incite more â€Å"positive beliefs in the fir m, as well as the immediate work context and culture† (Valentine and Fleischman 2008, p. 167). As observed then, employees play an important role in creating a demand for CSR in firms as they stand to benefit from such programs intrinsically. For both stakeholders and consumers then, CSR programs create an organisational identity that becomes relatable. When companies engage in CSR that underpins their mission and values, stakeholders are able to see an element of themselves in the organisation,  which leads to increased support for the company. As already observed, this can lead to stronger purchase intention in customers, or increased job satisfaction in employees. The largest motivation to pursue CSR for a company though could lie in developing a competitive advantage. While CSR could be executed simply by donating to charities as corporate philanthropy, some firms have recognised CSR as a strategic tool to use and develop in order to answer not only a societal need, but a business issue as well. Strategic CSR is now a form of social innovation, and by answering crucial problems in society that leads to real, long-lasting change; a company will reap the benefits of a better workforce, a new market or higher consumption while adding value to society (Kanter 1999). The need to recognise that economic and social objectives are not distinctively opposing but complementary will lead to CSR that can potentially bring about a social benefit and improve competitiveness (Porter and Kramer, 2002). There are two main business advantages that arise from CSR. Firstly, it presents an opportunity to test out a new technology. Secondly, it provides the opportunity to build political capital by influencing regulations, presenting itself as a market leader or to strengthen relationships with government officials (Kanter 1999). This was exactly what Bell Atlantic did through Project Explore by going into schools to test out their new High-bitrate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) technologies with personal computers in the early 1990s. This provided a test ground that would get their technology into the real world and also presented itself as a demonstration site to political leaders for Bell Atlantic to petition favourably for their proposed statewide technology communications plan (Kanter 1999). Bell Atlantic managed to help schools by providing them with computers and new technologies, bettering education and technology literacy, while still achieving a business agenda. The competitive context of a company and its business environment can benefit greatly when economic and social goals are seen as mutually linked. Porter and Kramer (2006) identify four key areas strategic CSR can affect competitive context positively: factor conditions, demand conditions, context for strategy and rivalry, and lastly, related and supported industries. Improving education, in the case of Cisco, enabled them to educate students in computer skills that resulted in a high quality, yet cost effective curriculum due to Cisco’s expertise. Whilst all students from Cisco’s Networking Academy may not work for Cisco, the industry at large benefits. Furthermore, well-trained network administrators who graduate from The Cisco Network Academy create demand for higher quality service and solutions (Porter and Kramer 2006, p. 85). CSR can influence in the creation of a more productive and transparent environment for competition (Porter and Kramer 2006, p. 85), such as Transparency International, where corporations have pledged to disclose and deter corruption in the world. This aids in building fair competition and higher productivity. Finally, a company can benefit by supporting a related industry. For example, American Express funds travel and tourism academics in the recognition of its reliance on the hospitality industry for travel-related spending on its credit cards (Porter and Kramer 2006, p.85). These examples show how CSR can result in tremendous payoffs when executed effectively. While immediate stakeholders c an drive the motivations for CSR initiatives, it is important to consider how the country a company is operating in can affect how CSR activities are chosen and implemented. The different social and cultural differences in each country should be salient enough for managers to acknowledge that CSR cannot be entirely universal, especially in the case of global MNEs. Furthermore, different social needs and problems will be inherent in each country. For example, the prevalence of AIDS/HIV is critical in South Africa. As such, it is only appropriate that companies with a presence in South Africa address this issue; with the likes of Toyota, Sappi and Mercedes-Benz deploying CSR programs that help employees tackle the pandemic of AIDS/HIV. British Petroleum (BP) (BP 2013), a global oil company, undertakes CSR initiatives that are identified as locally relevant, tailoring to the needs of their host communities and societies. A quick glance of their case studies shows various CSR programs ranging from workforce rights in Brazil to community relations in Turkey. While addressing locale-specific issues would be the most effective method of CSR, other factors may e ncourage or hinder such intention. The legal environment can affect the way CSR is implement in a country greatly. It changes either through strong intervention whereby social responsibility is legally stipulated, or a severe lack thereof, which leads to voluntary action by other players (Campbell 2007). France and Brazil are two examples par excellence of how the government can play a key role in creating CSR  demand, albeit in opposite directions. The French government has influenced how CSR has developed and emerged greatly by playing an active role in passing legislation, amongst other policies that requires French companies, including subsidiaries of international firms, to be socially responsible and accountable (Sobczak and Martins 2010, p. 448). On the other hand, Brazil’s history of a military government has fostered a passive environment where innovation is stifled, including that of encouraging improvements for society (Sobczak and Martins 2010, p.449). As such, private actors such as Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) are most active in Brazil to encourage CSR programs to Brazilian companies. While the legal environment can affect how CSR is implemented in a country, it can also affect what type of CSR is initiated. Although France has passed mandates to enforce listed companies submit reports on social and environment impacts, the main area of concern belies in employment rights (Sobczak and Martins 2010, p. 450). Similarly, Brazilian companies are also strongly focused on employee relations and well-being, that being the key principle of CSR in Brazil (Sobczak and Martins 2010, p. 451). CSR then is only translated into one dimension of obligation and other dimensions, though equally pressing; take a backseat in the case of France and Brazil. Different priorities in a country culturally can affect how CSR is implemented. In such scenarios, international NGOs come in and encourage other concerns to be addressed. This helps to bring harmony to the imbalance within the CSR activities focused in countries such as France and Brazil. For instance, international environmental NGO, the World Wildlife Fund, has collaborated with French companies to allow the use of their logo, one of the most recognisable brands in the world, on products that meet their standards (Sobczak and Martins 2010, p.452). This has encouraged firms in France to meet environmental standards that was not previously crucial in CSR portfolios. Through this, French companies are more receptive to practicing CSR that is not inherent to their usual procedures. Despite the particularity of each country and how CSR is ideally done based on local demands, the reality of the matter is that CSR is not always practiced this way. Global MNEs typically have general and universal guidelines on what CSR activities should be undertaken in host countries, and most managers have to be given permission to pursue local CSR from the parent company . Universalism in CSR practices by MNEs creates linearity and  coherence for all stakeholders, but can result in less powerful CSR practices. On the other hand, localised programs may end up being fragmented or ad hoc. There is undoubtedly differing perspective on which approach is preferable, as each holds its argument convincingly (Muller 2006). As suggested by Husted and Allen (2006) then, the key difference between global or local CSR is the community that demands it. Another key factor that affects the way CSR is conducted is the development of CSR in a globalised world. It has been recognised by scholars (Gugler and Shi 2009; Jamali 2010) that CSR is fundamentally Anglo-Saxon both in history and development. Hence, CSR has a strong presence in the United States and United Kingdom, but is still lacking in both conceptual and practical thinking in countries based in the Southern hemisphere. Jamali and Ramez (2007) has noted that numerous issues with CSR in the Lebanon context. Firstly, CSR is typically executed in tangent to the parent company’s mission and values. While it is not necessarily a bad move to have a universally applicable CSR issue identified by a parent company, this may lead to a lack of agency by foreign subsidiaries to pursue CSR that is truly important in a specific context. Hence, CSR in Lebanon is still largely based on altruistic means and charitable giving, which is considered a low-level and basic method of implementing CSR. Interviewed companies by Jamali (2007) did not track the performance of its CSR outputs, showing that CSR is not implemented for a genuine purpose of serving a long-term positive impact to society, but to address the obligatory needs in order to build a positive corporate image. Due to the lack of understanding from global perspectives and North-driven ideology, countries may derive value and meaning from CSR in their own terms (Gugler and Shi 2009). China has come up with their own standards because of the dilemma of being the â€Å"world’s factory† and cannot comply with various standards demanded from different suppliers, it becomes too costly to be effective. In this instance, the Chinese government has developed various rankings and best practices for Chinese companies, and goes as far as prohibiting international certifications unless approved by the right local authorities (Gugler and Shi 2009, p.15). By doing so, Chinese companies do not face foreign pressure to comply with standards that are unfeasible for their modus operandi. Overall, this essay has shown that there are numerous motivations for companies to practice CSR. Answering demands to  achieve higher satisfaction in consumers and employees, helping to build a reputation and in its most strategic form, creates a competitive advantage for companies are some of the benefits that a company can yield through effective CSR. While there are numerous ben efits of conducting CSR, CSR implementation is highly diverse due to the various legal, socio-economic and cultural factors that each country brings. Furthermore, due to the development and history of CSR, CSR is still very much in its infancy stage in the Southern hemisphere and pressure to develop a CSR programs similar to current ones in the Northern hemisphere becomes unrealistic and untenable. As such, other actors such as international NGOs may step in to realign and create focus for different needs, or countries may come up with their own compliance standards as a global benchmark to ease doing of business internationally. This has shown thus far how CSR is highly complex as a practice, varying from simplistic to more complex approaches, and once again changing within localities due to the needs and issues to be addressed. As CSR continues to develop, one should take notice of how CSR might change in developing countries and how globalisation continues to affect how companies may choose to conduct CSR. References: Aupperle, K. E., et al. (1985). An empirical examination of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability. Academy of Management Journal 28(2): 446-463. Bhattacharya, C., et al. (2012). Using corporate social responsibility to win the war for talent. MIT Sloan Management Review 49. Bhattacharya, C. B. and S. Sen (2004). Doing better at doing good: when, why and how consumers respond to corporate social initatives. California Management Review 47(1): 9-24 BP (2013). Sustainability. from http://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/sustainability.html. Campbell, J. L. (2007). Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Review 32(3): 946-967. Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. Academy of Management Review 4(4): 497-505 Dahlsrud, A. (2008). How corporate social responsibility is defined: an analysis of 37 definitions. C orporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 15(1): 1-13 Donaldson, T. and L.  E. Preston (1995). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, and implications. Academy of Management Review 20(1): 65 Esrock, S. L. and G. B. Leichty (1998). Social responsibility and corporate web pages: self-presentation or agenda-setting? Public Relations Review 24(3): 305-319. Friedman, M. 1970. The social responsibility of business is to increase profits. New York Times Magazine, September 13: 32–33, 122, 124, 126. Gugler, P. and J. Y. Shi (2009). Corporate social responsibility for developing country multinational corporations: lost war in pertaining global competitiveness? Journal of Business Ethics 87(1): 3-24. Institute, R. (2013). Reputation Institute The Reptrak system. from http://www.reputationinstitute.com/thought-leadership/the-reptrak-system. Jamali, D. (2010). The CSR of MNC subsidiaries in developing countries: Global, local, substantive or diluted? Journal of Business Ethics 93(2): 181-200. Jamali, D. and Ramez, M. (2007). Corporate social responsibility (CSR): theory and practice in a developing country context. Journal of Business Ethics 72(3): 243-262. Kanter, R. M. (1999). From spare change to real change: The social sector as beta site for business innovation. Harvard Business Review 77. Lindgreen, A. and V. Swaen (2010). Corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Management Reviews 12(1): 1-7 McGuire, J. B., et al. (1988). Corporate social responsibility and firm financial performance. Acade my of Management Journal 31(4): 854-872. McWilliams, A. and D. Siegel (2001). Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective. Academy of Management Review 26(1): 117-127. Muller, A. (2006). Global versus local CSR strategies. European Management Journal 24(2): 189-198 Meyer, J. and B. Rowan. (1991). Institutional Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony, in P. J. DiMaggio and W. Walter (eds.), The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis (University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London), pp. 41–62. Nintendo (2013). Nintendo of America Employee Welfare and Well-being. from http://www.nintendo.com/corp/csr/#welfare. Porter, M. E. and M. R. Kramer (2002). The competitive advantage of corporate philanthropy. Harvard Business Review 80(12): 56-68. Porter, M. E. and M. R. Kramer (2006). Strategy and society. Harvard Business Review 84(12): 78-92. Smith, J. (2012). The companies with the best CSR reputation. from

Free College Admissions Essays: I Have Always Enjoyed Mathematics :: College Admissions Essays

I Have Always Enjoyed Mathematics    I have always thoroughly enjoyed Mathematics, and perhaps naturally, I am looking towards a degree course in finance. However, I have other interests beside Mathematics. I believe a Business and Management degree course would be more satisfying because of its diverse elements. When recently I became Deputy Head Girl, my interest in management was awakened. I now have important responsibilities. I have become much more aware of time-management, working as part of a team, setting targets, and representing both the Headmaster and the pupils. Being part of the Sixth Form Council, the school's prefectorial forum, has made me more confident in expressing my opinions, and developing my listening skills.    Working as a clerical assistant in an architectural firm in London for my work experience was very rewarding: I improved my computer skills and my ability to tackle new situations. I have also worked for the British Council in Cairo teaching English.    I am thoroughly enjoying the International Baccalaureate, and one particular recent project stands out, the Science project. As secretary of our group, I had to make sure that everyone was working, and organise meetings, prepare a formal presentation, which was recorded on video. This project showed how a team worked under pressure, and that working together was essential.    I enjoy sport and started playing squash when I first came to Gigglesworth and earlier this year I was appointed captain, once again useful experience for dealing with people who are not always willing. Not only do I work with my peers, but I also lead them: I can see how individual efforts affect the entire team. Directing fund raising events for Amnesty International further refined my organisation skills. Recruiting new members to the group tested my promotional abilities as well.    I completed Silver level in the Duke of Edinburgh Award scheme in 1999. I have nearly completed the Gold, which has been very demanding but great fun.

Factors thata effect health and well-being Essay

Elizabeth is providing her body with the energy her body needs to perform well and succeed in her work through exercising. Exercise provides stimulation for the brain. Stimulation improves brain function, which will improve many things like learning new skills and concentration. Also, people who remain physically active as they age have a reduced risk of dementia. Elizabeth goes swimming every Saturday with her children. This is an example of the social benefits of exercise. This could help Elizabeth have a positive self- image and have positive self-esteem. Exercise also has many psychological and emotional benefits. When you exercise endorphins are released in the brain Endorphins are the body’s natural feel good chemicals, and when they are released through exercise, your mood is boosted naturally. As well endorphins, exercise also releases adrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine. All of these chemicals improve mood. Endorphins are the body’s natural painkillers. The endorphins released during exercise could help Elizabeth with the pain she gets from her Ulcerative colitis. Altogether exercise will improve Elizabeth’s health, mental state and provide stimulation for her brain, which will help her with many different aspects of life. Regular exercise is benefiting Elizabeth’s physical, intellectual, emotional and social health and well-being. It is vital that she maintains this positive factor in her life. Supportive Relationships Elizabeth has many supportive relationships in her life. She has a loving family, a good relationship with her partner and a stable group of friends. Research shows that healthy and supportive relationships can reduce stress and improve your overall health and sense of well-being. The main advantages of having supportive relationships are the psychological benefits. On average, people who have supportive relationships are less likely to have mental health problems. Elizabeth does not, and never has, suffered from any mental health problems. This may be because she has people she can talk over any worries or problems with. This will help Elizabeth cope with things like stress and feeling of depression. If Elizabeth feels she has people she can trust and confide in she will be less likely to let these sort of feeling get out of control, she will be able to confront things before they become problems. If Elizabeth did not have such supportive relationships she would be at risk of suffering form stress, which would affect her physical health in many ways. Elizabeth sufferers from Ulcerative Colitis, and although the cause of it is unknown, it is suspected that stress can increase symptoms. So Elizabeth’s physical well being will be benefiting from supportive relationships because it will help prevent stress causing any flare up’s of her Ulcerative Colitis. Elizabeth’s intellectual development will benefit because she will be less likely to take time off work, and she will be more likely to take part in things that will stimulate her brain such as exercise. Conversation may also provide stimulation. Elizabeth will benefit in ever aspect of her health and well-being because she has good supportive relationships in her life.

American Dream: Then and Now Essay

Imagine you are one of the early settlers in America. You left Europe, a world full of religious persecution, political oppression and poverty behind you. You have dreams like: -Personal freedom, self-fulfillment, dignity and happiness, -Economic things, like prosperity and success -Rising from poverty to fame and fortune (from rags to riches) -Social dreams of equality and a classless society -Religious dreams of religious freedom in a â€Å"promised land† in which they were God ´s chosen people -Political dream of democracy It ´s in the soul of Americans and it is reflected in basic beliefs and values. Some of important foundation stones are -The Declaration of Independence in 1776. It ´s the legal foundation of the American Dream and states that â€Å"all men are created equal† and that every citizen has â€Å"a right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness† -The Bill of Rights in 1791. It limits the powers of the central. Federal government and confirms the freedom and equality of all American citizens. -The â€Å"Frontier† 1790 till 1890 The moving of pioneers westward and the establishment of the North American continent. Since then the â€Å"frontier spirit† roots in American souls. -In 1865 Abraham Lincoln abolished slavery after the end of the Civil War -In 1920 do all American women get the right to vote -1870: Voting rights are extended to all adult males of all races -Franklin D. Roosevelt apply in overcome the extreme poverty and inequalities that resulted from the Great Depression of the 1920s -As a result of Martin Luther King ´s Civil Rights Movement and his dream of a colour-blind society, racial segregation in public places, scools, etc. and job discrimination are banned in 1964 This way of fighting for one ´s nation dream gives America its character and is still shared by most Americans today Individualism: In the early days, the success of most Americans depended on their ability to confront the hardships and challenges of the wilderness on their own. Today, the idealization of the self-reliant, self-sufficient, independent individual is still alive. Government regulation is often resisted, and it is seen as the individual’s responsibility to make a living and succeed in a competitive society. Freedom: The freest and best society in the world, superior to every other nation. Their country as a welcoming haven for those longing for individual freedom and opportunity. Mobility; optimism; flexibility: Settling the West meant making a fresh start in a land of spaciousness. Today with the same sense of optimism about their chances to succeed, Americans are still prepared to move great distances to improve their lives through a better job or a more pleasant climate. They also accept a high degree of social mobility (upward and downward) on the â€Å"ladder of success† as a fact of life, and relate this success primarily to individual achievement and their own flexibility when looking for new opportunities. Hard work: According to the Puritan work ethic, it was the individual’s duty to work hard and to show self discipline. Material success through hard work was seen as a sign of God’s favour and a good education as the key to prosperity. Patriotism: Foreign visitors to America are quick to observe numerous patriotic symbols. American flags are omnipresent, and stickers announce â€Å"I’m proud to be an American†. National holidays such as Thanksgiving and Independence Day (4th of July) intensify the sense of national pride. An actual topic is the weapons law culminated. On Friday the 14th of December a heavily armed gunman killed 26 people, including 20 children from 5 to 10 years old, in a rampage at a Connecticut elementary school. It was one of the worst mass shooting in U.S. history. According to the character of America: Individualism, freedom and personal responsibility, a lot of Americans would say, that’s important to have guns. Like â€Å"defense yourself if you have to† It ´s like you take the Alcohol out of Germans society. Germans without Beer. But this problem is a much bigger than alcohol because it takes a lot of human lives and it ´s a problem of basics in many American minds. The gun lobby wants to prepare schools with armed teacher and security guys. Obama wants stricter laws, but whether he really achieves it, it’s a matter of how Americans think over themselves and their dreams and how strong the gun lobby really is. What do you think is it possible for Obama to strict gun laws in America, according to the actually American dream?

The Guide on Writing the Medicine Research Paper That Helps You Out

The Guide on Writing the Medicine Research Paper That Helps You Out The research paper is a specific kind of text that includes references to scientific studies with reliable sources. It is very important to use credible information to prove and strengthen all the arguments in the paper. Nowadays, there are a lot of academic papers which are in great demand in the sphere because of their perfect organizational and functional structure. In fact, a medical research paper requires a considerable knowledge of medicine and all the aspects related to the subject. Besides, the results of a certain medicine paper are concentrated on improving and expansion of actual goals that have already been achieved. This complete medicine research paper writing guide will help you to achieve great results in writing a medical research paper. Just follow all the recommendations and enjoy the writing process in full. 10 Writing Tips That Work for Research Papers in Medicine When Our Writers Prepare Them Correct title. The title should attract the attention of a reader and inspire to read the whole text. It should be interesting, understandable, informative, and organized in an appropriate way. According to the title, the reader determines whether one should read the research paper and whether one will get useful or important information from it. Introduction keeps the readers attention and facilitates the continuation of reading. There is no doubt that it must contain information about the main idea of the whole paper and a brief statement of its content. Thesis statement. There should be a statement of the whole text of the medical research paper or some details that are potentially interesting to the reader. When writing the main text, one should strictly adhere to the topic and its main principles: Conciseness; Literacy; Reasoning. The medicine research paper must be written in simple sentences using medicine terms. Therefore, the provided information will be appropriate for understanding or memorization. The logical separation of the main ideas. The text must be divided into logically complete paragraphs. There should be no more than 5-10 sentences in one paragraph for easy reading. Plan. To follow the topic, it is necessary to use a plan listing two or three convincing arguments for the main part and a few phrases for a convincing conclusion. Logical sequence of paragraphs. It is important to move from one paragraph to another smoothly without losing a basic idea. The writer must keep in mind the accents that draw attention to the necessary moments. When writing the medicine research paper, the student should adhere to the required language and style avoiding slang and jargon lexis. In contrast, the writer must avoid words that may not be clear to the reader when text is outlined. The text must be checked not only for spelling and punctuation errors but also for the vitally important terms regarding the medicine notions and processes. The conclusion of the paper should be logical and must contain the key positions of the medical research paper. How to Choose a Topic for a Medicine Research Paper? When choosing a topic for the research paper, it is worth taking into account the interests, views, and own preferences. It is quite evident that it would be difficult and even impossible to make a medicine research paper valuable without a competent writer who would contribute a lot to this kind of work. Hence, as a researcher, you should be deeply interested in the chosen topic. It would give an opportunity to find more credible information. Besides, you should analyze the results of a careful investigation as well as the consequences of the research. It will help to make the paper more accurate because there would be personal reflections and opinions concerning the topic. After all, the topic of the medicine research paper is something that must come from the heart of the individual. The student can discuss the topic with the professor during the preparation stage and elaborate priceless thoughts and pieces of advice, which would help to make the paper perfect. All in all, the experienced person is worth trusting, and it would not be a mistake to contact a mentor to make some improvements. There are some suitable topics for a medicine research paper: The Role Of Antibiotics in Human Life; Child Obesity in Modern Society; The Importance of the Placebo Effect; Disorders Connected with Poor Sleep; Drugs and Their Impact on Peoples Lives; The Study of Genetic Disease; Homeopathic Medicines and Their Benefits; The Percentage of Autistic Children among Modern Teenagers. Non-deliberate topics are: The History of Medicine; Vaccination; Cancer Research; The Treatment of Virus Infections. Creating an Outline for Your Medicine Research Paper Unfortunately, many difficulties occur while writing this certain paper, especially when it includes experimental medicine studies. The outline help reasonably to organize the whole paper, and it would be definitely clear to analyze the medicine research paper where all the needed information is written in the outline. The outline of your research paper in Medicine must include: Paper title; Thesis statement; Major research ideas indicated by Roman numerals (I, II, III, IV, V, etc.) or capital Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.); Supporting points indicated by capital letters (A, B, C, D, E, etc.) It is time to have a look at your research paper in details, which should be in your outline, to understand what your paper will bring to the field of study. Sources for Your Research Paper in Medicine When conducting research, students must devote significant attention to the sources. It goes without saying that they must be credible, reliable, and adequate. Moreover, the person must check all the information thoroughly in order to demonstrate one’s knowledge brilliantly. Nowadays, the majority of teachers and professors encourage their students to use books, textbooks, and different medical journals, which can be easily found online or in the library of the university. In fact, it is comfortable to have such an opportunity, but there is still a part of students who are used to finding the needed information in their own ways. You certainly know that the Internet is rich in various sources but not all of them tell the correct facts and ideas. In practice, it is difficult enough to distinguish the trustful. Consequently, it is better to be aware of any good ways of choosing the needed knowledge before taking a topic of medical research into work. How to Cite Sources Properly in a Medicine Research Paper? After choosing the needed sources, one can face the troubles with citing them. However, this site is one of the most simple and useful for it. The student can easy revise one’s citing skills or even learn how to cite sources in a proper way. As a rule, professors require the researchers in different format styles, but the most widespread are MLA, APA, Chicago. The paper must also contain the appropriate citation due to the required writing format. List of suitable sources for the research paper in Medicine: Principles and Practice of Clinical Research. Elsevier/Academic Press, 2018. Rich, Mari. Medicine. Mason Crest, 2017. Shiralkar, Uttam, Ms, Frcs, Mrcpsych (Worcester Health And. Surgeon, Heal Thyself Optimising Surgical Performance by Managing Stress. Taylor Francis Inc, 2017. Stenhouse, Louise. Anatomy. Mosby Elsevier, 2015. Solomon, Eldra Pearl. Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology. Saunders/Elsevier, 2016. The Structure of a Good Research Paper in Medicine When writing the medicine research paper, it must include the information about its purpose. At the end of this section, it is necessary to clearly formulate its hypothesis, research data, and their methods, as well as the list of abbreviations used and the entire list of parameters applied in the paper. When writing the section Introduction, the student must follow ‘from general information to a specific detail’ principle, to bring the reader to the next direct solving- the purpose of research, creating a broad picture of the problem. In the ‘Materials and Methods’ section, it is necessary to explain the process of an experiment in a chronological and clear way so that readers could evaluate the results of medical research, and recreate the experiment to check the reliability of its results. Besides, students must try to maintain a balance between brevity (one cannot describe every movement of the scientist in the experiment, but can refer to the necessary broad description of operations in a different source) and exhaustion (key details of the experiment should be given with sufficient diligence). In the description of the experiment, the relation is conducted in a third person way. Some common statistical methods of providing research are given in the section without comments. Advanced or unusual statistical methods require a link to a more exhaustive description in the literature. It does not recommend to mix the chronology of the experiment and its results by keeping the logical sequence of material presentation not to be distracted by strangers data. The section Results and Discussion aims at highlighting the student’s generalization and thoughts on the main idea of the medicine research paper, explaining the essence of the achieved results, as well suggestions for the further research. In the text, the article should not describe in detail the concepts, methodologies, terms, which are commonly known in the specific medicine industry. Reference should be made to all information that does not belong to the student personally. Logically, the section is combined with the introduction and explains how the research findings confirm the positive results of the basic scientific hypothesis testing. The discussion is considered to be the most important element of scientific research. Specific results should be precisely combined with the answers to specific research questions. For instance, the question of the scientific hypothesis of the author in the introduction must be verified in the end regardless of how much of the results r eliably confirmed it. To construct an interesting discussion, a writer must evaluate the contradictions of some of the received goals. The student can find results and figure out any unexpectedly-invented achievements. What is more, it is better to start the paragraph with the fact of obtaining an unexpected result. An artificial limitation and the weakness of the author statement when discussing the results lead to the uncertainty of their significance and the overall reliability of the proposed materials. The medicine research paper involves the usage of tables and figures with the outcomes of the research. Of course, they are intended to inform the reader about the achieved results. It is necessary to determine which of the questions must be addressed and discussed before the formation of tables and figures. The used sources should correspond to the data in the table or figure. Also, a writer must limit the number of tables and figures to the themes that will directly provide the necessary information. These tables should not duplicate the data already given in the text. The student has to include the results that are important for the entry issues and independently decide whether they confirm the reliability of the discussed hypothesis. Text must strictly adhere to the order of the numbering of the tables and figures. They are usually placed on individual pages followed by citation links. Actually, tables can be used to synthesize extensive numerical and also literary data. The â€Å"Conclusion’ section plays a significant part in a medical research paper. Its central part must summarize the described information and confirm the thesis. Strong arguments are the key elements, which would help the student to organize successful medical research. They must be listed in conclusion. The competent approach towards writing the paper would help to create the respected research. In general, the conclusion should be based on the achieved results from the described study. Also, the writer must include all methods, elements, and aspects, which were used during the study. It is necessary to remember to summarize everything logically and in the correct order. Additionally, the medicine research paper would definitely have many professional terms, which must be necessarily explained properly. It is recommended to devote the separate space for giving the definition for each of them. This would give a chance for all readers to understand the whole information and the principles of the research correctly. Editing the Medicine Research Paper Correctly: The student should revise the whole paper thoroughly in order to ensure that everything is written in a logical way with no mistakes; He or she must proofread the information to exclude the grammar and spelling errors; The student should pay significant attention to the terminology, read each definition to understand that all of them were explained correctly. It is a responsible enough task because the topic concerns medicine and many people can absorb the provided knowledge. Checking the Research Paper for Plagiarism Plagiarism is one of the most serious threat to get a worthy mark. The medicine research would count a lot of terms, and, therefore, students must take care of this issue and properly write their research paper with correct citation. Nowadays, there are plenty of free plagiarism checkers where students can revise their academic papers. Now you’re equipped enough to create a masterpiece in Medicine. It will be your research paper if you follow all the medicine research paper writing tips mentioned in this guide. Don’t hesitate to show your knowledge in practice!

Aurora Leigh and The Odyssey

Aurora Leigh and The Odyssey Essay In Elizabeth Barrett Brownings Aurora Leigh the conquest of the feminine is present, though its form ridiculed and its male perpetrators abased so that some measure of equity between the sexes can be achieved. Not present is the one sided subjugation which features prominently in The Odyssey, for in her adaptation of the epic form, the now female protagonist conquers and is subtly conquered herself. The Odyssey presents masculine heroism (partially) predicated on the oppression of women; for a hero to even project some semblance of authority, he must be the master of his home. The home however is the domain of women and thus the inference is made ad hoc ergo propter hoc. Odysseus conquers both mortal (Penelope) and immortal (Circe) women, while conquering (resisting) the lure of the Sirens. Even the goddess Athena is enamoured with his wit and wily charm, sending aid or bringing it in person. Thus the whole of the feminine world, both perceived and sublime is at his command, either directly or indirectly conquered. All the women he conquers make the hero, pushing him to his greatest potential. They instil in him courage, ambition and humility, and are thus integral Odysseus very being a hero. The Greek ideal of the hero therefore bases itself on dominion over the female sex. Telemachus follows this path also, for no hero he would be if he had not established social order at home with his mother, nor hanged the treacherous maids. Elizabeth Barrett Browning shows women as able in their own right however. No longer are they confined to womanly chores, but can be artists, intellectuals, they can succeed in the ultimate domain of men. A full and willing surrender to fate is not in order, the protagonist and hero or Aurora Leigh being both headstrong and female. Both the baser, in Lady Waldemar and pure, in Mariam sides of womanly nature are shown. It can be inferred that Browning means to caution while promoting freedom, for some human instincts must be controlled. Female strength however, is sometimes found in the most unlikely of places, among the denizens of brothels and hovels, in Mariam. She, having been abandoned by Romney, denies him marriage when he returns many years later proposing this. Thus Browning alters form, in her poetic justice, Romney must be rebuked, and soundly so. Another Greek dogma is abandoned with her differentiating between love and rape, love being an entity that cannot be forced upon one party. Aurora is her own woman, writing poetry for a living, and even acting as a benefactor to Mirian, a decidedly male role. Love is not conquest, nor conquest love she says: When we learn to lose ourselves, and melt like white pearls in anothers wine , equating love with a soft stupor, yet one for the better, where the self of one becomes the whole of two. Aurora struggles to assert herself, yet does so, even though the hostile forces of her aunt and Romney try to hold her back. The departure from the style of The Odyssey however is not complete, Browning muses that no epic of true value and meaning can Aurora write, museless as she is (without Romney). She finds her poetic inspiration reconciling love and her poetry (a symbol of her independence); feminist thought was not so radical in Brownings time. However, there is a clause to be fulfilled for the reconciliation to be fulfilled, Romney, once so strong and sure of himself, must be humbled. He previously sought to double himself in what he loves, and make his drink more costly by our pearls This train of thought was however equivalent to the Odysseian archetype and thus cannot be upheld in Brownings epic; change is in her opinion necessary. Aurora acknowledges her own weakness in love, and succumbs to it, but is self-critical in doing so, realising her own folly. Portraying Aurora so, Browning can be considered an early feminist, and her thought radical for her age. However, she also meant to comment on Victorian society, and its hypocritical views on women and the home. READ: Characteristics of an epic hero EssayHers was the age of Victoria, of prudish behaviour, where one slip, one impropriety meant ones end. Yet at the same time, there was a surplus of women, and as often follows, a proliferation of prostitution. Marian herself becomes one, but Browning meant her not to be viewed as vile, but rather with compassion. Society made the woman, and her strength in persevering should be glorified rather than her actions vilified. In Brownings narrative, it is not only the women who are humbled, but also the men. Romney did not see clearly what Aurora deserved, and thus he is blinded literally so that he can accept and acknowledge what she means to him. He mistook his own heart, and that slip was fatal , as did Aurora, and thus they both conquer each other, entering a relationship of equals. The feminine is conquered in Aurora Leigh, but not in the sense that it was in The Odyssey. Women as heroes can agree to be conquered, once both they and their lovers have grown morally, and shed the false skin that is the collection of judgements society makes of them, and in turn expects them to believe.

Different Phases of Talent Management in National Oilwell Varco Essay

Different Phases of Talent Management in National Oilwell Varco - Essay Example Two senior executives were given the assignment to prepare for the changes, resulting in a plan labeled â€Å"Next Generation.† To generate a supply of potential leaders, technical professionals, and others, NOV had to broaden its recruiting process beyond the normal oil-based states, such as Texas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma. Miller also demanded that foreign candidates be considered, because of the expanding global oil market.   A specific focus of NOV recruiting efforts included foreign students at U.S. universities who had high English communication skills and other relevant capabilities. Up to 40 individuals at 10 universities were interviewed, and then the primary candidates went through two more interviews by NOV middle managers. Those candidates who â€Å"passed† this phase spent two days in Houston going through additional interviews and selection means. Finally, the individuals selected were offered jobs at NOV. This process has continued during the past several years.   Once the selected individuals go to work at NOV, they spend one year in job rotation, with four assignments of three months for each in different business areas. This rotation provides the individuals with a broader view of NOV and its operations. During the rotation, candidates participate in various efforts, including development programs and mentoring by various division managers.   A unique part of NOV’s talent management process is that after the individuals complete their one-year job rotation, they become â€Å"draft candidates.† Modeled after the NFL draft, each business unit identifies which individuals they want on their â€Å"team.† After completing the draft, individuals get jobs in the different business units.   NOV’s â€Å"Next Generation† program has been successful. The retention rate for the drafted candidates is over 90%, higher than normal in the industry.